A proton is a stable composite particle with a charge of positive one elementary charge. Protons are part of the hadron particle family. Protons are formed by 2 up quarks and a down quark each with separate colour charges. The forces between the quarks that compose the proton are mediated by gluons. Protons have a collective spin number of are fermions and obey Paulis exclusion principle.

Only about 1% of a protons rest mass is made up of the rest masses of it's constituent quarks. The other 99% of it's rest mass is from the quantum chromodynamics binding energy, which is comprised of the kinetic energy of the quarks and the energy of the gluon field that's that bind the quarks together.